Jun 05, 2023

The participant was born at full-term after a pregnancy complicated by maternal hypertension and gestational diabetes. During the first few days of life, the participant was noted to have jaundice, a heart murmur, and a heart defect known as a ventricular septal defect (VSD). At 6 months of age, he was diagnosed with a bicuspid aortic valve.

Growing up, the participant met most of his milestones. He was walking and talking at an appropriate age. At age 4, he was diagnosed with a brain malformation (Chiari malformation) that caused frequent headaches, especially when bending over or lifting something heavy. A few years later, the brain malformation was treated with two surgeries. He was also diagnosed with drooping of the eyelids (ptosis) around this time.

The participant’s headaches are still persistent to this day. He now experiences neck and spine pain. His mother has noticed he feels anxious, which has led to aggressive behavior and feelings of depression. These symptoms have been treated with medication.

• Behavioral disorders (ADHD, Anxiety, Depression)
• Congenital heart defects (VSD, bicuspid aortic valve)
• Brain malformation (Chiari malformation)
• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
• Anxiety
• Depression
• Migraines
• Brain malformation (Chiari malformation)
• Large head size (macrocephaly)
• Drooping of the eyelids (ptosis)
• Wide-set eyes (hypertelorism)
• Congenital heart defects (VSD, bicuspid aortic valve)
• Fat buildup in the liver (hepatic stenosis)
• Knock knees (genu valgum)
• Flat feet (pes planus)
• Low vitamin D levels
• Skin discoloration (café au lait spots)

• Fluoxetine
• Flovent HFA inhaler
• Melatonin
• Meloxicam
• Naratriptan
• Topamax